Neuropsychology & Spouse/Family Members :: Chemistry Chemical Neuropsychological Papers

I expect to investigate the impacts of a parietal mind injury from the viewpoint of a neuropsychologist; extending from types of tests that are utilized when attempting to decide the degree of the harm, to increasing a comprehension of how this harm will influence the remainder of the cerebrum and additionally the body. I will likewise investigate the impacts of a cerebrum injury from the viewpoint of the relatives, and their encounters with the progressions that happen during the recovery procedure. As indicated by The Neuropsychology Center, â€Å"neuropsychological evaluation is an efficient clinical indicative system used to decide the degree of any conceivable conduct shortfalls following analyzed or suspected cerebrum injury†(www.neuropsych.com). As referenced already, a cerebrum injury can be the aftereffect of numerous kinds of wounds or disarranges, accordingly a wide scope of evaluation methods have been created to include these conceivable outcomes. Two kinds of appraisal methods that are at present being utilized are the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB), and the Halstead Russell Neuropsychological Evaluation System (HRNES-R). The LNNB is utilized to analyze intellectual shortages, while the HRNES-R shows both the nearness and level of impedance. The two systems include undertakings that require the patient to complete a progression of capacities that test capacities and additionally discernments. Such undertakings would incorporate, however are not restricted to, critical thinking, memory, sensorimotor working, and mental/enthusiastic status. Other testing systems that are usually utilized, in request to increase a superior visual picture of the excitatory movement in the cerebrum are the PET sweep and the MRI. As indicated by Kalat (2004), these techniques are non-obtrusive, implying that they don’t require the inclusion of articles into the cerebrum, yet they yield results that permit analysts to record mind action. The PET sweep (positron discharge tomography) includes the scientist infusing a radioactive compound into the patient’s body, which is then ingested essentially by the brain’s most dynamic cells. With the utilization of radioactive finders, set around the patient’s head, a guide is delivered that shows which territories of the mind are generally dynamic. The MRI, then again is more affordable and a lot more secure (as it doesn’t open the patient to possibly hurtful radioactive synthetic concoctions). The MRI or attractive reverberation imaging gadget, as a more secure other option, applies a ground-breaking attractive field around the leader of the patient.

Obesity Problem and Solutions free essay sample

Stoutness is a malady that effects more than 33% of the grown-up American populace, around 72 million Americans (Hyattsville 2007: National Center for Health Statistics). Also, corpulence in adulthood expands the peril of diabetes, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, joint inflammation and a general unexpected frailty condition (Overweight and Obesity Health Consequences, refered to in www. cdc. gov) so it is the ideal opportunity for individual to take activities to restrict this issue. To assist individuals with comprehension about heftiness issue and discover the approaches to confine it, this paper examines where this issue results from, what it results in and how to solute it. 2. Conversation of discoveries 2. 1. A few reasons for heftiness â€Å"Obesity is a manufactorial disease† said George A. Bawl, MD (1998, p. 35). The sort of food eaten may likewise assume a significant job in the ascent of corpulence. As indicated by the Causes of Obesity (Anne Collin 2007), progressively metabolic and stomach related scatters coming about because of overconsumption of trans-fat and refined sweet nourishments, for example, prepared to-eat, minimal effort, fast dinners, joined with low fiber admission. We will compose a custom article test on Stoutness Problem and Solutions or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These dietary patterns are known to cause over the top fat stockpiling. Taking in an excessive number of calories for our vitality needs should be a significant reason for the cutting edge corpulence scourge. Dr. Marion Nestle, Professor and Chair of the Department of Nutrition and Food Studies at New York University gives that US agribusiness currently creates 3,800 calories of food daily for each utilization of calories over 30 years prior however at much lower per-calorie costs (refered to in annecollins. com). Obviously, the development of cheap food chains and higher soda pop utilization lead to the increments in assimilation of calorie-thick nourishments and a higher vitality admission. Other than awful dietary patterns, lessening vitality consumption is likewise one of the main drivers of stoutness in present day life. Individuals presently do less exercise than previously. The information from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the site applications. nccd. cdc. gov shows that the quantity of individuals who have No Leisure-Time Physical Activity increments step by step in the primary decade of 21st century. Indeed, an absence of vitality balance frequently causes overweight and stoutness in view of taking in a larger number of calories than utilizing. Individuals are getting increasingly inert and lazier. As noted in What Causes Overweight and Obesity? (2010) on the site nhlbi. ih. gov, numerous Americans are not genuinely dynamic. One explanation behind this is they go through hours before TVs and PCs accomplishing work and unwinding. Different explanations behind being uninvolved include: utilizing vehicles as opposed to strolling, less physical neces sities at work or at home and absence of physical exercise classes in school for kids. Individuals who are uninvolved are bound to put on weight so an idle way of life additionally raises your danger of heftiness and other medical issue. Quality is likewise appeared as a factor bringing about corpulence. Notwithstanding the earth, a few people remain slender some despite everything become corpulent. The Causes of Obesity on the site annecollins. com shows that qualities influence various weight-related procedures in the body, for example, metabolic rate, blood glucose digestion, fat-stockpiling, hormones. It additionally gives the proof that embraced kids will in general create weight issues like their organic, as opposed to supportive, guardians. What's more, babies destined to overweight moms have been found to less dynamic and to put on more weight by the age of a quarter of a year when contrasted and newborn children of typical weight moms. As per The reasons for corpulence qualities, conduct and condition (2009) on the site infor. ancerresearchuk. organization, stoutness related qualities could influence how individuals utilize food or store fat. They could likewise influence the conduct, settle on individuals arranged severely towards way of life decisions that expansion our danger of being large. Individuals having weight related qualities are not doled out to be corpulen t however they will have a higher danger of corpulence. Subsequently, qualities assume a key job in obesity’s capacity. 2. 2 Some impacts of stoutness Obesity has a far-extending negative impact on wellbeing. In light of the information from Health Effects of Obesity (2012) on the site stanfordhospital. rg, every year stoutness related conditions spread 150 billion dollars and cause an expected 300,00 unexpected losses in the US. This site gives the quantity of wellbeing impacts related with stoutness including hypertension, diabetes, coronary illness, joint issues, rest apnea and respiratory issues, malignancy, metabolic condition. Additional weight can raise the pulse and diminish the body’s capacity to ship blood through the vessels. This causes higher weight on the course dividers and the expanding in pulse. Additionally, heftiness is the significant reasons for type 2 diabetes. Stoutness can make restriction insulin, causing the glucose becomes supported. The site additionally guarantees that atherosclerosis (solidifying of the courses) is available multiple times all the more regularly in stout individuals contrasted with the individuals who are not corpulent. Corpulence has physical impacts as well as mental impacts. As expressed in House of Commons Committee 2004 (2008), overweight and hefty individuals have diminished mental wellbeing so their confidence and social intercommunication might be decayed. Corpulent individuals need to experience the ill effects of previously established inclination and segregation by and large, for example, the fields of business travel, tutoring, social insurance. Society may have a pessimistic assessment of overweight and corpulent individuals. Thusly, they can be caught in a negative way that causes them to be on edge and discouraged. Just as biased impact on the individual, heftiness contributes a money related weight on society overall. The House of Commons Committee 2004 (2008) on the site dwp. gov. uk additionally demonstrates that there is an enormous expense to the economy from heftiness related sick wellbeing, untimely retirement, joblessness, sudden passing, advantage installments. The immediate and aberrant expenses of weight in England (2002) have been minimalistically assessed at ? 3. 3 to ? 3. 7 billion. . 3. Answers for weight issue There are barely any answers for heftiness accessible however the more successful treatment is to eat a sound and even eating regimen. Like referenced previously, corpulence isn't an independent issue. It is combined with not many of most serious maladies, for example, diabetes and malignancy. The Ob esity Solution (2009) on the site fastandquickweightloss. com states that individuals ought not follow and craze abstains from food which deny the body of some basic supplements. By following such eating regimens individuals can get more fit, yet they can't look after it. Accordingly, the most significant perspective is to eat a sound and adjusted eating routine. Low calorie eats less (LCD) to help make a deficiency of 500 to 1,000 kcal/day ought to be a vital piece of any program planned for accomplishing a weight reduction of 1 to 2 pounds for every week except diminishing dietary fat alone without decreasing calories isn't adequate for weight reduction ( Anne Collin 2007 ). Corpulence Solution on the site weightlosswand. com recommends that heftiness arrangements don't come as speedy weight reduction counts calories and these eating routine sorts ought to be stayed away from. Convenient solution diets, for example, the Atkins diet which comprises of no starches and high protein nourishments is very risky. Coupling a sound eating regimen with standard exercise is the best thing stout individuals can accomplish for themselves. Ordinary exercise is as significant as great dietary patterns since practice and physical action have a few advantages for overweight people (Marcel Dekker 1997, refered to in George MD 1998, p. 228). Physical action and exercise can keep up weight reduction. People who are all the more truly dynamic are almost certain keep up weight reduction (George MD 1998, p. 230). Corpulent individuals must beginning gradually and afterward bit by bit increment the power of their exercise. George MD (1998, p. 38) called attention to that physical action ought to be expanded to 20 to 30s minutes, 5 to 7 days every week to build use by 700 to 1,000 calories per week, or somewhat more than 100 to 130 calories per day. There are a few sorts of physical action that help large individuals battle overweight, for example, yoga, vigorous, strolling and moving. Other than the accompany ing medicines, sedate treatment for corpulence is likewise one of the arrangements. There are drugs that can decrease food utilization, for example, phentermine, diethylpropion, mazindol and sibutramine (George MD 1998, p. 254-256). In spite of the fact that medicate wellbeing and viability past 1 year of all out treatment have not been definitively settled, weight reduction tranquilize treatment might be utilized in colligation with standard eating routine and exercise (Anne Collin 2007). Be that as it may, with regards to answers for corpulence, there are a few attempted and tried strategies however none works better than a shifted solid way of life which comprises of every day practice and a decent eating regimen. 3. End Based on the discoveries above, plainly heftiness is as yet a confounded issue. Individuals are turning out to be increasingly idle and ward much on present day hardware which expands the danger of being stout.

Inheritance Disputes in the USA Sample Essay

Inheritance Disputes in the USA Sample Essay Inheritance Disputes Essay Oct 28, 2019 in Law Introduction The inheritance laws and disputes associated with it are of great importance not as a branch of law which is extremely practical in essence, but as a set procedure that would once be followed by each individual. No need to say that everyone has relatives, parents, friends, spouses, etc. and at least for once all people inherit. Therefore, the importance of one's awareness about the key aspects of inheritance law is hard to be overwhelmed. Despite the fact that at first glance its provisions seem to be rather simple and clear, it is the sphere where the majority of disputes arise. Therefore, it would be of great benefit to find out more about the history of inheritance laws, the taxation, and the individuals who have a right to inherit before turning to the main aspects of the inheritance disputes. History of Inheritance Laws in the USA There is no doubt that people always die and therefore, the laws governing inheritance are truly immortal. They have been widely known at the beginning of civilization. The inheritance laws of the USA are mainly based on legal concepts that have prevailed in Great Britain. Nowadays, it consists of different legal acts of various force: the Acts of Parliament, the common law, by-laws, etc. (Hirsh 2009). The importance of these rules is unquestionable. On the one hand, they set a procedure according to which the property of the deceased individual is distributed after his/her death. On the other hand, it introduces the terms that regulate the relations between generations. A quick overview of the inherence laws of the USA might provide certain suggestions of the nature of the USA current laws that regulate various inheritance relations. The first settlers who arrived at the territory of North America brought with themselves the rules of inheritance that were borrowed from Great Britain. Of course, they were not willing to abandon the system that was known to them. However, having realized the social conditions of those times, they started to implement some of the indigenous elements into their own culture. Some of the concepts have even survived till nowadays (Hirsh 2009). One innovation that was brought in by settlers was even of great benefit as it helped to make the jurisdiction of courts clearer and easier for understanding. Prior to 1857, the jurisdiction over disputes resulting from inheritance was divided between church and common law courts in Great Britain. Whereas the former claimed to have the right to hear the cases related to the disposal of personal property, the latter considered that they had every right to decide on the cases related to the real property of the deceased. Due to the little impact of church in the new colonies, all the inheritance disputes were heard solely by one tribunal. The matters concerning probate were left for the consideration of the courts of general jurisdiction. It should be also noted that even in those distant times the states started to distinguish in terms of inheritance regulations. For example, the state of Pennsylvania adopted the laws according to which the cases related to orphans' matters were heard by the specialized courts solely. Chat now Order now It should be also noted that the freedom of testation was established long before it was introduced in Great Britain. From the very beginning, both, the girls and boys, were entitled to inherit property of their deceased relatives (Hirsh 2009). Additionally, strong differences between American inheritance laws and those of Great Britain might be drawn while comparing intestacy procedures. Intestacy is a set of rules which are applied when there is no will of deceased (Hirsh 2009). The laws of Great Britain provided that the land was to be inherited by the older son. The colonists had abolished this rule in favor of equality of genders and established that all children had the right to inherit. Later on, various states also experimented with the right to inherit by the spouse who had outlived another spouse. For example, in Virginia, the widow was entitled to the part of personal property along with the life estate in reality. The American Revolution which has significantly impacted the society had obviously brought no significant changes into the inheritance laws. The Colonial Laws were still in force. However, it should be mentioned that the rules providing for the equality of all children in terms of right to inherit had spread in the majority of states. Additionally, the entails were abolished throughout the territory of all states. During the 19th century, a lot of legislative innovations had been introduced. Almost all American states required the wills to be made in written form and witnessed by others. This rule was applied regardless of the nature of the property that was to be inherited after the death of the individual. However, the main developments of the 19th century refer to the extension of the surviving spouse's rights and to the invention of trust as a specific instrument of estate planning. The surviving spouse was entitled to the shares in the personal as well as real property. The historians explain such a shift by the increased importance of personal property in comparison with the real one in the 19th century. Moreover, in the absence of a will, the positions of the surviving spouse were even stronger. The 20th century had brought significant changes in social, economic, and cultural patterns of the American society. The states suddenly started to adjust their trust-investment laws to the modern theories (Hirsh 2009). Other aspects of inheritance had been changed similarly. The rules which settled the debates over gender-based distinctions became the essential part of the statutory law. Some of the provisions that were discriminating in nature have almost disappeared in the 20th century. Gender neutrality was the new core principle in the inheritance laws. Moreover, the will was expected to be executed by the specifically appointed person. The wills, itself, were subjected to strong protection guaranteed by various high-water marks. Moreover, at the turn of the century, the federal estate tax was also levied in the brand new way. At first, it was levied due to the increased needs of national defense. Later on, the movement in favor of the introduction of federal estate tax was supported even by such wealthy titans as Andrew Carnegie. However, the tax was not enacted until the beginning of World War I. The issues related to the levying of the federal estate tax are still heavily debated. In 2001, the Congress adopted the law according to which federal estate tax was about to diminish year after year until its complete abolishment in 2010. However, a year after that this law expired and the rules that applied before 2001 were in effect again. However, the current rules are still disruptive in nature and need to be revised as soon as poss ible. Still, the Congress' plans regarding these issues remain undetermined. Tracing the history of inheritance law amendments, it should be noted that legislators seem to be extremely passive when it goes about setting or revising existing inheritance rules (Hirsh 2009). Therefore, estates and trusts suffer from the old problems that have not been resolved until nowadays. The judges have to apply the statutes that were issued two hundred years ago. Of course, some of them are outdated or even contradict the modern tendencies (Hirsh 2009). Inheritance Laws in Other States: General Overview The inheritance laws in the USA are strongly influenced by the concept of federalism as every state is entitled to adopt its own legal regulations regarding inheritance issues. Just as in any other country, these laws specify the circle of people who have the right to inherit after the deceased. Needless to say that just as in other countries, in case there are no heirs, the property of the deceased individual becomes a public property. Despite the fact that there have been numerous attempts to regulate the inheritance issues at the federal level, so far it is fully competence of the states. Therefore, the clearance of the laws as well as their correspondence to the canons of common law might vary from state to state. For example, New York is considered to have the most complicated procedures set for the distribution of the assets of the deceased while Ohio has introduced comprehensive laws and by-laws which significantly differ from the common law rules and leave no room for any kind of ambiguity or non-clearance. The Washington state has followed the example of Ohio and has codified the inheritance laws as well. However, it should be noted that inheritance disputes which arise in relation to the Native Americans are subjected to the federal regulation. In Europe, the inheritance laws are strongly impacted by the regulations and resolutions of the European Union which change the inheritance laws of the national states while coming into effect. For example, in 2015 new regulations are expected to come into effect providing that the individual will have a right to choose the laws that will apply to the inheritance procedures. He/She might choose either in favor of the laws that exist in the country of his nationality or in the place of his habitual residence. .fod-banner { display: table; width: 100%; height: 100px; background-color: #04b5af; background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-1.png'), url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: left center, right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } .fod-banner .button { min-width: 120px; } .fod-banner-content { height: 100px; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: #ffffff; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 100; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 16px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 18px; color: #ffe98f; font-weight: bold; } .fod-banner-content-image { vertical-align: middle; } .fod-banner img.fod-banner-content-image { width: auto; } @media all and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1320px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } } @media all and (min-width: 845px) and (max-width: 992px) { .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 18px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } @media all and (max-width: 740px) { .fod-banner { background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } } @media all and (max-width: 670px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } .fod-banner-content { padding: 15px 10px; } .fod-banner img, .fod-banner-content-discount-text { display: block; margin: 0 auto; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 28px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } Limited time offer! Get 15% OFF your first order Order now Secondly, the majority of the European countries have based its inheritance laws upon the Ancient Roman laws and the Civil Codes of Napoleon. Therefore, at large one could simply draw the similarities in both substantial and procedural rules governing the inheritance issues. For example, according to the German laws, the property of the deceased located within German territory will be subjected to the so-called 'universal succession' which means that the heirs of the decedent could inherit the property only after his/her death (Kobras 2010). The whole procedure of succession depends on the will of the deceased individual. If he/she has disposed of his/her property during his life, then the rules of intestacy will not apply (German Missions in the United States n.d.). Contrary to the United States and other Anglo-American countries which have provided that there must be the administrator of the estate of deceased whose responsibility is the legitimate distribution of the property that is to be inherited, no kinds of executors or trustees of estate are mentioned in German laws (Kobras 2010). The Australian inheritance laws have been different for a long period of time in each territory or state. However, the situation changed in 2011, when this country started to revise the current laws and introduce the uniform regulations for all states and territories (Kobras 2010). Inheritance Taxes As have been already mentioned, the history of the inheritance taxes is long and complicated. It was introduced due to various reasons that changed over time. This tax was also frequently identified as estate tax. Following all of it, it seems important to give a glance at this type of taxes before transferring directly to the inheritance disputes. The concept of inheritance tax supposes that it is a certain fee that is to be paid by the person who inherits the property of deceased individual. This tax is a federal one which is obligatory for all citizens of the USA regardless of the state they live in. Lately, the provisions regulating the levying of the inheritance tax have been revised. Thus, nowadays only eight states charge the fee from the inhering individual (Leach 2011). They include Iowa, Indians, Tennessee, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Nebraska, Indiana, and Maryland. Needless to say that the laws are revised over time so that it is recommended for the heirs to look them up in case they are inheriting some property. The tax rate varies from state to state and ranges from 1 percent till 20 of the value of all assets that are inherited. However, there are a lot of people who are exempted from paying it. Contrary to the federal estate tax, the person who benefits is in charge of paying that fee, not the estate. The estate tax is paid before the distribution of the deceased person assets. Its amount depends upon the value of the property that is later inherited. However, it should be noted that this tax could be levied only if the value of the property overwhelms certain rate that is set every year. Since this threshold is rather high, only two or three percent of taxpayers are subjected to this taxation (Leach 2011). Inheritance taxation occurs right after the distribution of the estate that is usually performed by the distributor. This tax is calculated out of the share that has been received by each beneficiary separately. It is important to note that the redemption or the reduction of the tax that is to be paid depends upon the relationships that existed between the deceased and his/her heir. Therefore, a surviving spouse, for example, might be exempted from the tax duty in some states. It is interesting to point out that the children and other people who have heavily depended on the deceased could be exempted from the tax paying fully or partially. The general rule in this regard is that the more distant the relationships are, the more heirs have to pay. The Heirs There is a number of individuals who are entitled to inherit after one's death. However, the key attention is always drawn to the surviving spouse and children of the deceased. At this point, it is important to distinguish the succession in case the will is present and in case it is absent (intestacy). If the deceased has disposed of his/her property during his/her life, then all his/her assets are distributed according to his/her last will. It should be noted that the will of the person could be easily changed if the need arises. The last will overrules the previous ones. Despite the fact that the person has a natural right to dispose of the property after death, there are still some individuals who will inherit regardless of them being mentioned in the will. This rule generally applies to those who severely depended on the deceased or those who was in close relations with him/her when death occurred. It might include the surviving spouse, children, some relatives, etc. The volume o f share they receive varies from state to state. Usually, it is half of the share that they would get in case of intestacy. If there is no will, then the rules of the intestacy are applicable. They set a clear procedure that is to be followed. Usually, there are four or five lines of inheritance. The first one, for example, includes the closest relatives. In fact, in the majority of states, the surviving spouse could not be completely out of the will (Thorne n.d.). Additionally, in almost all states the spouses are presumed to own their property together and therefore, in case one of them dies, another one gets the half of all property that has been earned by the couple during the time they have been married (Thorne n.d.). Thus, the surviving spouse has every right to dispose of this property according to his or her own intentions. Moreover, the states laws guarantee that the spouse who has survived will be granted one third or one half of the share of the deceased person. In any case, the laws of the states prevent the surviving spouses from being disinherited. As to children, the majority of states in the USA reserve no rights for the children in regard to the inheritance (Thorne n.d.). Despite this, in the exclusive circumstances, the children are entitled to claim the share in the property of the deceased person. Additionally, the laws of several states prevent the cases of disinheritance. It means that if the person has disposed of his/her property in the will before the birth of further children, after his/her death the children who were born later have the right to inherit. The same provisions might apply to the grandchildren of the child who died.

The American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay

Of Mice And Men explores the ways in which both immigrants and Americans tried to conquer and obtain their goal in life, which in this case was to try and attain their own the American Dream. I will also explores ways in how the American Dream is central to the novel and how Steinbeck reflects the society at the time. In the early 1900s the object that determined the wealth of a family, the object that was mentioned in every conversation all over the world and the object that was every mans most wanted desire, was land. All around the world people heard that land was given away for free when you set foot on American soil. This became known as the American Dream. Many people would sell all†¦show more content†¦Even though they were American and lived in America all their life, they still had the same dream of getting a piece of land Weve got a future, were gonna get a little place. In his book, Steinbeck also shows that all the economic migrants have different reasons for moving around the country for example George and Lennie moved around because Lennie kept getting into trouble and then had to run away before getting shot. This would not be the case for anyone else as George and Lennie were the only two men that travelled together. The reason for this is because George promised Lennie s Aunt Clara that he will take care of Lennie as he can not do so himself. Even though many peoples American Dream was to get a piece of land, some people had other very different American Dreams, getting a piece of land was only the most common American Dream. Steinbeck also proves this in his book through the conversation between Lennie and Crooks the Negro stable bunk. Lennies American Dream is to get a piece of land and raise some rabbits The rabbits were gonna get, where as Crookss American Dream is to have equality. This is just a nigger talking so it dont mean anything, was the way in which everyone saw him. He wanted America to be a free country, for example that he could be allowed to live in the bunk house withShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck712 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men The American dream is the traditional social ideals of the US, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity. In the Novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck the American Dream plays a huge role in almost every character’s lives, and the different version of the American dream for each individual has affected both their lives and the outcome of this novella. The American dream plays a role that makes each character more hard working and perseveredRead MoreMotivation for the American Dream in Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck783 Words   |  4 Pagesnot trying it achieve something. Motivation can be applied to the American Dream. 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Latvia As A Baltic Country - 1428 Words

Introduction Latvia as a Baltic country, has interesting economic story. It has moved from one union to another in just over 20 years. Surely, it assumes good level of economic decisions to be done. Previously, USSR member still had some consequences from command economy. Therefore, decided to join European Union (EU) in order to move to market economy and stop being dependent on Russia. EU helped Latvia to create more trade, raise domestic market and bring specialisation by comparative advantage, which led to rise in welfare and output. This year from January to June, Latvia is holding presidency of the council of the EU. What happened? Entry to EU happened on 1st of May, 2004. Prior to entry, Latvia had fairly low positive output gap in a range of 2%. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate was more or less the same, until 2008 when it started to decline and reached the trough at 12% negative output gap. 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Environmental Ethics and Eco-Tourism Free Essays

Introduction In the last few decennaries, bookmans have begun to develop the subject of planetary environmental moralss. In making so, they have encountered two obstructions. First, much environmentalism cloaks itself in the discourse of prudence and security, and therefore, ethical concerns are hard to place. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Ethics and Eco-Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second, when bookmans do acknowledge ethical issues, they explain them in footings of how people treat the nonhuman universe and progress a bio-centric or eco-centric moral esthesia. This is a job to the grade that it neglects infinite cases of environmental unfairness that involve the manner humans treat each other, utilizing nature as a medium ( Wapner A ; Matthew, 2009, p. 203 ) . A new field of environmental consciousness has progressively as a chief attending in doctrine, the possible rational involvement particularly for geographers. Since so the environmental moralss began with a few influential articles and monographs published in the early 1970s. In 1979, so took off near the bend of the decennary with a new diary, environmental moralss launched, and increased in the eightiess with a aggregation of literatures increasing by the latter portion of the decennary. As we concerned, environmental moralss is potentially be fluent in some of the most profound inquiries that confront late modern societies, whose widespread degree of concern over environmental crises across local to planetary proportions. Environmental moralss, which has come into its ain by siting the crest of a moving ridge of popular concern over human impacts on the environment, therefore finds itself in a really hard place to present any conceptually satisfactory manner out of this tangled we b. Geographers are showing an increasing involvement in environmental moralss ( Proctor, 1998 ) . Nowadays, we seen many environmental issues caused by assorted factors which are really familiar to us and it happens every twenty-four hours in our life universe. As we already cognizant of, three chief facet of environment is land, H2O and air. These constituents are interrelated to each other in fulfilment of human basic demands. The importance of natural environment to the human existences became less precedence because of the humans’ wants is transcending their demands in these modern yearss. This survey will light the significance of environmental moralss, environmental current issues and its impact. The treatment will be on the non-prudential dimensions of planetary environmental personal businesss and explains how a focal point on the manner humans mistreat each other can function as a cardinal ethical focal point for apprehension and turn toing environmental unfairness. Overall, it aims to supply a vocabulary for progressing an anthropocentricity [ 1 ] esthesia toward planetary environmental ethical concern. Aim The aims of this survey are to accomplish understanding on: The significance of environmental moralss. The currents issues related to environmental moralss. Eco-tourism and environmental impacts issues. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS Environmentcan be defined as â€Å"theamountsum of all milieus of a life being, includingnatural forcesand other life things, whichprovide conditionsfordevelopmentand growing every bit good as ofdangerandharm † andmoralsscan be defined as â€Å"the basicconstructsandcardinal rulesof nice homobehavior. It includessurveyof cosmopolitanvaluessuch as the indispensable equality of allwork forcesand adult females, human ornatural rights, obeisance to thejurisprudenceofland,concernforwellnessandsafetyand, progressively, besides for thenatural environment † ( â€Å" BusinessDictionary.com – Online Business Dictionary, † 2015 ) . Environmental moralss is concept and exercising about proper apprehensiveness aimed at, rules in, and duties refering the natural universe. By traditional accounts, moralss is people associating to people in justness and love. Environmental moralss starts with human concerns for a quality environment, and some think this shapes the ethic from start to complete. Others hold that, beyond inter-human concerns, values are at interest when worlds relate to animate beings, workss, species and ecosystems. Harmonizing to their vision, worlds ought to happen nature sometimes morally considerable in itself, and this turns moralss in new waies. ( Nicholas Bunnin and E. P. Tsui-James, 2003, p. 517 ) . In the other point of position, Brennan ( 2011 ) enlightened the environmental moralss as the subject in doctrine that surveies the moral relationship of human existences to, and besides the value and moral position of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. Equally far as I concerned, there were many inquiries can be discussed on environmental issues raised by Nicholas Bunnin and E. P. Tsui-James ( 2003, p. 529 ) . In order to reply those inquiries, assorted surveies could been conducted to seek findings on environmental moralss affairs sing relation on worlds, moral and responsibilities, civilization and nature, natural and societal contract, animate being public assistance. In other words, is the relation between homo and natural environment. As mentioned, planetary environmental moralss is still in its beginning. Much of the work that does be, unsurprisingly, extends the critical statements about anthropocentricity to the international sphere. Anthropocentricism abounds the universe over and, to the grade that it is responsible for harmful environmental patterns, it deserves unfavorable judgment. Wapner and Matthew ( 2009, p. 205 ) besides mentioned that the environmental moralss as a subject has focused on the manner humans treat the natural universe. It is by and large acknowledged that people care less about animate beings, rivers, workss, and mountains than they do about themselves and each other, and therefore it is no surprise that they exploit or otherwise abuse nature. Much environmental moralss attempts to calculate out why this is the instance and what can be done about it. Environmental ETHICS ISSUES There are many environmental moralss issues occurred all over the universe. However, this survey will merely concentrate on three sets of chief issues. The designated sets are as follows: First is the issue of natural resources. The 2nd issue will be discussed with sinks. The 3rd set of issue is the transmutation of landscapes and ecosystems. Issues of Natural Resources Worlds desire a quality environment, basking the comfortss of nature ; wildlife and wild flowers, scenic positions, topographic points of purdah every bit good as the trade goods such as lumber, H2O, dirt, natural resources. Supporting environmental wellness and a quality environment can surely be counted as responsibilities within a societal contract ( Nicholas Bunnin and E. P. Tsui-James, 2003 ) . Resource usage can easy overshoot the earth’s regenerative capacity. Since environmentalism’s early yearss, people have worried that we will run out of things we depend on, such as oil, fresh H2O, and minerals ( Ehrlich, 1975 ) . All natural resources are present infinite measures, and this includes the renewable ( organic ) every bit good as non-renewable. The difference is that while the non-renewable resources are finite in an absolute sense, the measure of organic resources is finite comparative to the population dependant upon it ( Antonsen, 1974, p. 180 ) . Energy. Energy became a universe issue and since future development. The chances of the supply and monetary value of natural energy particularly oil ignite the mentality for other types of primary energy every bit good in hereafter. Harmonizing to recent surveies, it is estimated yet proven universe militias of rough oil Ate sufficient to fulfill world’s demand to around twelvemonth 2020. In the other manus, natural gas besides had a great demand and became every bit of import as oil. The future monetary value of uranium supplies depends on the development of atomic power in general ( Ray, 1986, p. 56 ) . img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1790658.001.png" alt="" / img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1790658.002.png" alt="" / Food. img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1790658.003.png" alt="" /img src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1790658.004.jpg" alt="" /Hunger is a deterioration job. Every state tries to cut down hungriness and poorness of their people therefore taking towards economic system prosperity. Shepherd ( 2012, p. 197 ) arose on the issue lies with the institutional agreements that dictate who gets what. As we are all concerned, nutrient is a trade good that is produced and sold for net income. Notwithstanding smallholder husbandmans, the huge bulk of planetary nutrient trade is controlled by corporations ( 3rd party ) whose primary aim is the coevals of net income. How to cite Environmental Ethics and Eco-Tourism, Essay examples

The Birth Of Computer Programming (Ada Augusta Byr Essay Example For Students

The Birth Of Computer Programming (Ada Augusta Byr Essay on King, Countess Of Lovelace)In a world of men, for men, and made by men, there were a lucky few women who could stand up and be noticed. In the early nineteenth century, Lovelace Augusta Byron King, Countess of Lovelace, made her mark among the world of men that has influenced even today’s world. She was the â€Å"Enchantress of Numbers† and the â€Å"Mother of Computer Programming.† The world of computers began with the futuristic knowledge of one Charles Babbage and one Lady Lovelace, who appeared to know more about Babbage’s Analytical Engine than he himself knew. At the time of Lovelace’s discoveries, women were only just beginning to take part in the scientific world, and her love of mathematics drove her straight into the world of men. Her upbringing, her search for more knowledge, her love of mathematics, and her inherited writing abilities brought to life what we know today as computer programming or computer science. We will write a custom essay on The Birth Of Computer Programming (Ada Augusta Byr specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Lovelace Augusta Byron was born to the famous British poet George Gordon Byron (Lord Byron), and Anne Isabella Milbanke on December 10, 1815. Her parents marriage lasted the short time of one year, and one month after Lovelace was born, Lord Byron left. From that point in time until her death, Lovelace’s life was governed by her domineering mother. As a child, Lovelace’s tutors and governesses were all instructed to teach her the â€Å"discipline† of mathematics and music in such a way that Lovelace would never find the love of writing that her father possessed. For fear that Lovelace would develop the same mood swings and torments that her father had, Lovelace was not allowed to really read her father’s poetry. There were claims that Annabella, as her mother was called, kept Lord Byron’s poetry in a case that Lovelace could access at anytime. She was even encouraged to read the poetry later on in life, but the â€Å"discipline,† as Annabella called it, of mathematics had been instilled into Lovelace and her spark for poetry was smothered. It was by smothering Lovelace’s tendencies towards poetry that she ended up studying the women’s forbidden subjects of mathematics and science. â€Å"Undoubtedly, Lovelace was better off not attending a school where she would have been obliged to follow the typical curriculum for young ladies of her class. Living a sheltered life among her mother’s circle of friends, Lovelace was better educated through governesses, tutors, and, later, independent study† (Nilson 64). It was May 10, 1833 when Lovelace began venturing out into the world of adults. At this time, she attended parties and balls. She had a desire to meet other people who shared her love of mathematics, music, riding, and anything else that was new and interesting. Most of all, Lovelace wanted to meet Mary Somerville, the famous female mathematician who had just published The Mechanism of the Heav ens, a book on mathematical astronomy. Mrs. Somerville was Lovelace’s hero, and later, she became a good friend and tutor. It was at a party that Lovelace met Charles Babbage, the famous inventor of the speedometer, skeleton key, the locomotive â€Å"cow catcher,† and the ophthalmoscope (used to examine the retina of the eye). In Babbage, Lovelace found â€Å"a constant intellectual companion in whom she found a match for her powerful understanding† (Perl 131). The friendship between Lovelace and Babbage would last for all her life, but the bond that Lovelace developed between Babbage’s work and her would last until present day. Being a woman, Lovelace was not allowed to explore her ideas with just anyone, but with Babbage, she went the full distance. She called herself his â€Å"fairy,† performing deeds for the good of his new invention, the Analytical Engine, and he referred to her as his â€Å"interpretress.† The evidence of these pet nam es is given only from the letters that they sent back and forth on a nearly daily basis. It is hard to imagine that the majority of Lovelace’s work was performed through letters, and personal contact fell to a minimum. The restrictions of the time for women required her to have an escort before she was married, and that left her mathematical knowledge to be gathered in the only discrete way possible: written communication. .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c , .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .postImageUrl , .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c , .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c:hover , .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c:visited , .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c:active { border:0!important; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c:active , .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c9527e0024f75ffea0608d718a7d58c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tale of two cities - brilliant plot EssayWhile growing up, Lovelace had countless tutors and governesses, with whom she maintained contact most of her life. One of her tutors, Dr. William King, who was not at all fond of mathematics, was instructed to â€Å"operate† on Lovelace’s thirteen-year-old brain. After his services were no longer needed, Lovelace continued contact with Dr. King by way of letters, which proposed mathematical problems and equations. She searched for more in-depth mathematical knowledge that Dr. King did not possess as may be seen in one of his letters, â€Å"You will soon puzzle me in your studies,† he wrote (Baum 28). She read a ny mathematical books that she could find including Dionysius Lardner’s Euclid and Vince’s Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. Another of her tutor’s had been William Frend, who introduced to her yet another of her tutors, Augustus De Morgan, a famous knowledgeable mathematician and the husband of Frend’s daughter Sophia. Both Frend and De Morgan were Lovelace’s consultants throughout her work with Babbage on his Analytical Engine, a machine that would use punch-cards to calculate higher degrees of polynomials with ease and accuracy. She posed questions to them on mathematics that women otherwise were thought not to be able to understand, many of which they did not. De Morgan is quoted for writing that Lovelace â€Å"would have been ‘an original mathematical investigator, perhaps of first-rate eminence’ but not, he suggested, if she had gone to the university (had it admitted women then), where the system would have demanded sacrifice o f originality† (Baum 20). Her search for more knowledge in mathematics is what led to her amazing discoveries of how to make the Analytical Machine calculate problems and return accurate answers for everyone to see. Lady Lovelace’s father, Lord Byron, was a poet who is still celebrated today. He had a skill with words that was passed on to his unknowing daughter. The evidence in her control over the written word was found when she translated Luigi Ferdico Menabrea’s â€Å"sketch† of Babbages Analytical Engine, written from the material he received in a lecture on the Analytical Engine given by Babbage. The piece was published for everyone to read, but it was written in French. Lovelace and Babbage saw then the need to publish an English version of the article, which Lovelace eagerly took as her chance to work with Babbage. Her knowledge of French was great, and she translated the piece with ease, but she became engrossed in the project, adding more details about the machine than the original article had. As work progressed, Lovelace began calling the new draft of how the Analytical Engine would work her unborn â€Å"child† or her â€Å"uncommonly fine baby.† Sh e claimed that her child would â€Å"become a ‘man of the first magnitude and power’† (Baum 67). Her devotion to the project provided her with the opportunity to ignore her physical ailments, but to such a great extent that she became sickly for the rest of her life. Also, she ignored her family and her womanly chores in order to achieve the highest quality work she could. Her husband, Lord William King, Earl of Lovelace, actually encouraged her to work with Babbage and ignored her failure to take care of her family. The â€Å"uncommonly fine baby† was the beginning and end of Lovelace’s mathematical â€Å"professional,† as she called her faith in mathematics in a letter written to Woronzow Greig, son of Mary Somerville. She poured her heart into her translation and into her â€Å"Notes,† which were bits of information that expanded on the reliability, need, and usefulness of the Analytical Engine and which were added to the translatio n for more detail. She spent countless hours having Babbage check and recheck her work, and in the end, she came up with a piece worthy of publication. The only problem was whether or not she should sign her masterpiece. As a woman, her â€Å"child† would have not been taken seriously and would have been looked at disapprovingly. This is evident in the reaction of the Edinburghi editors to an anonymous piece called Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. The book was considered to have been written in a very feminine style and lacked knowledge. The editors speculated that the author was a female and concluded that it had the â€Å"tracing therein the markings of a woman’s foot† (Baum 63). The author was later discovered to be one Robert Chambers to whom the editors greatly apologized. The scene made it difficult for Lovelace to sign her â€Å"child† for fear of that the paper’s miraculous findings and ideas would be ignored. At Babbage’ s insistence, Lovelace signed the article â€Å"A.A.L.† and did the same with all her precious â€Å"Notes.† The piece was then published in 1844 and received rave reviews. Lovelace and Babbage never worked on such a project again, but they had tried to develop a sure method of gambling on horses; the method failed terribly, leaving the Lovelace’s in great debt. .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 , .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .postImageUrl , .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 , .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5:hover , .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5:visited , .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5:active { border:0!important; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5:active , .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5 .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u188bc0975f3ba36ed92f01414897add5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bob Ong EssayThirty years after Lovelace’s death on November 27, 1852, her full name was credited to the piece on the Analytical Engine. It was then, after Lovelace was no longer around to see it, that Lovelace finally had accomplished the task she claimed her father had passed on to her. â€Å"If he has transmitted to me any portion of that genius, I would use it to bring out great truths and principles. I think he has bequeathed this task to me. I have this feeling strongly; and there is a pleasure attending it† (Nilson 59). At that time, Lovelace had achieved another task that had not been foremost in her mind, but none-the-less had been there. She had tak en her knowledge and turned it into something that people could use, but she had done this at a time when women were unable to attend science debates and mathematical meetings. Cambridge University did not admit women at the time, and only at the incessant begging of other mathematicians and scientists, like Babbage, were women even allowed to attend lectures at Cambridge. Women were gaining a step into the world of men, and the reason for their advances was due to the few women who had the desire and willpower to push their way into the forbidden world. Such women as Lovelace, Mary Somerville and Florence Nightingale opened a door to women that had otherwise been locked tight. Lovelace’s â€Å"uncommonly fine child† was the beginning of programming. It set the Analytical Engine up to accept an input, make calculations based on the input, and produce some output for people to see. The Analytical Engine was, therefore, the design for the first general-purpose computer. Today’s computers are modeled after the plans that Babbage had created, and Lovelace had created the means to make it work. She had laid out a program and included within it several loops to compute the Bernoulli numbers. The prophetic insights of the woman, Ada Augusta Byron King, Countess of Lovelace, were greatly ahead of their time, and by some chance of fate, they were actually accepted in to the world of men. Lovelace gave birth to a new era of technology, and perhaps, that is the way it was meant to be. She struggled with her pregnancy and released a â€Å"child† like no other. That â€Å"child† became the basis for the programming languages we know to day and the particular language that was named after its mother in 1977 by the U.S. Department of Defense. The language is called â€Å"ADA.† Biographies

The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non

The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), program evaluation is the â€Å"efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of a department, program or agency.†It applies â€Å"systematic measures and comparisons so as to provide the outcome of the program to executives who in turn use the results in making decisions for the program† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation 1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An outcome is usually a description of â€Å"short or long term effects, including those that were not planned for but occurred as a result of the program’s outputs†(United Way of America, 1998).The basic process of program evaluation involves outcome evaluation as discussed below. â€Å"Outcome Evaluation† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation,1998) According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998), there is no specific method or approach can suit all programs in outcome evaluation. However, W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) recommends that â€Å"it is important to start with the overall goals and outcomes of the program and then come up with a way of measuring these outcomes.† The initial step is to identify outcomes (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).This can be achieved by creating a team which may comprise of internal and external stakeholders to help you have a wider view of the outcomes of your organization (Herman Associates, 2005). The next step is to think about areas whereby change is eminent in the program. It could be change in clients, in the society or even in the larger systems (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The outcomes can be classified into three groups: †initial outcomes, intermediate outcomes and longer-term outcomes† (Herman Associates, 2005). One way in which these outcomes can be measured is by is by identifying indicators. According to Lanzerotti Lanzerotti (2004), an indicator should be something that is visible, audible, tangible or something that can be verified and â€Å"every outcome should have at least one indicator†. Their main purpose is usually to determine the extent to which an outcome has been realized. The indicators can also be compared with targets and benchmarks. In this case, targets are your expected achievements in form of numbers while benchmarks are data from a past program that one can use to compare with a current program.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Logic models can also be used to measure outcomes in program evaluation. According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) a logic diagram is a â€Å"diagram that helps clarify the links between the components of your program design.† The logic diagram is usually composed of â€Å"inputs, activities, outputs, in itial outcomes, intermediate outcomes and long term outcomes† (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998). This diagram can them be compared with the program’s outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative approaches can also be used in evaluating the program outcomes (United Way of America, 1998). According to Lanzerotti Lanzerotti (2004), quantitative method involves â€Å"experimentation and testing, a reflection of changes introduced by a program in numeric form, interviewing a large group of people, and analyzing relationships between hypothesized variables and the outcomes.† On the other hand, United Way of America (1998) notes that â€Å"qualitative evaluation seeks to explain how a program functions, the views of the program implementers and the clients as well as the extent to which the objectives are met.† Some of the qualitative measures that can be applied include â€Å"collection of non- numeric, in depth descriptions of the program, sorting through large amou nts of data and allowing for in-depth study of selected issues† (United Way of America, 1998). The other evaluation method of outcomes is â€Å"effectiveness and efficiency† (Lanzerotti Lanzerotti, 2004).Effectiveness seeks to examine how well the program performed. According to Lanzerotti Lanzerotti (2004), this can be achieved by â€Å"identifying standards, benchmarks or criteria against which progress or performance can be assessed.† On the other hand, â€Å"efficiency seeks to find out whether the cost was worthy the outcome by determining the output to input ratio† (United Way of America, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Basic Process of Program Evaluation in Non-Profit Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the output ratio is greater than the input ratio, then there was efficiency but in case the input ratio is greater than the output ratio, then there was lack of efficiency in the program (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).The problem of inefficiency can be solved by looking for ways to minimize costs. The final evaluation method of outcomes is by use of cost benefit analysis (W.K. Kellogh Foundation, 1998).although this method is commonly applied in the profit sector, it can also be applied in the non-profit sector. One is supposed to determine the relationship between the costs and the benefits. According to W.K. Kellogh Foundation (1998) the cost benefit relationship is â€Å"the relationship of the cost of the program to the cost of achieving them.† â€Å"Politics of Goal Definition(Hellriegell Slocum, 2007) Political behavior often occurs in organizations due to â€Å"different opinions over goals, different views about the organization and it’s limitations, different knowledge about dealing with situations as well as how to make use of resources that are scarce† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).These are the basi c forces that result in politics of how goals are defined. However, doing away with these forces is not possible because there is no point in life when all people will have similar views. Similarly, organizations are always striving to make use of the scarce resources so as to obtain the required goals. As a result, political behavior must be exhibited as every individual in the organization strives to acquire their preferred results (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007). In cases whereby such situations arise, a manager should not use force to stop such behavior but instead should work to see that such behavior does not impact the organization in a negative way (Herman Associates, 2005). According to Hellriegell Slocum (2007) the political behavior among employees can be stimulated by the actions of a manager. For instance, as Hellriegell Slocum (2007) notes â€Å"in departments like accounting, human resources, and quality control, legal and information systems among others† emplo yees’ performance is hard to measure.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, leaders processes give yield to inadequate resources in terms of â€Å"pay, bonuses, and benefits† (Hellriegell Slocum, 2007).Other leaders tend to give the political behavior in the process of appraisal a blind eye and assume that it does not exist. However, politics in appraisal is a fact that can not be done away with and which can have several impacts. Some of these impacts as noted by Hellriegell Slocum (2007) include â€Å"organizational goals and performance are undermined; increase political behavior in other decision making processes and expose the organization to litigation if employees are terminated.† In conclusion, program evaluation involves several steps. The first step should be to identify the outcomes. After that, other processes follow. These other processes include: identifying indicators, use of logic model, use of quantitative and qualitative methods, determining effectiveness and efficiency as well as determining the cost-benefit analysis . On the other hand, political behavior is often displayed in organizations when it comes to formulation of goals. It is important for managers to know that this can not be avoided but can be minimized. One of the ways in which a manager can minimize political behavior is by ensuring that the goals are clear and specific. References Hellriegel, D. Slocum, J.W. (2007). Organizational behavior. New York: Thomson Learning. Herman, R. D. Associates. (2005). The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership management. 2nd ed. San Francisco: John Wiley Sons. Lanzerotti, R. Lanzerott, L. (2004). Measuring Change to Make Change: The Fundraising Case for Program Evaluation. Grassroots Fundraising  Journal, 23, 4-8. United Way of America. (1996). Measuring Program Outcomes: A Practical Approach. Alexandria: United Way of America. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. (1998).Outcomes Logic Model. Mexico: Kellogg Foundation

The Deep State Theory, Defined and Explained

The Deep State Theory, Defined and Explained The seed for many tantalizing conspiracy theories, the term â€Å"deep state† in the United States implies the existence of a premeditated effort by certain federal government employees or other persons to secretly manipulate or control the government without regard for the policies of Congress or the President of the United States. Origin and History of the Deep State The concept of a deep state - also called a â€Å"state within a state† or a â€Å"shadow government† – was first used in reference to political conditions in countries like Turkey and post-Soviet Russia. During the 1950s, an influential anti-democratic coalition within the Turkish political system called the â€Å"derin devlet† – literally the â€Å"deep state† - allegedly dedicated itself to ousting communists from the new Turkish Republic founded by Mustafa Ataturk after World War I. Made up of elements within the Turkish military, security, and judiciary branches, the derin devlet worked to turn the Turkish people against its enemies by staging â€Å"false flag† attacks and planned riots. Ultimately, the derin devlet was blamed for the deaths of thousands of people. In the 1970s, former high-ranking officials of the Soviet Union, after defecting to the West, publically stated that the Soviet political police – the KGB – had operated as a deep state secretly attempting to control the Communist Party and ultimately, the Soviet government. In a 2006 symposium, Ion Mihai Pacepa, a former general in the Communist Romania secret police who defected to the United States in 1978, stated, In the Soviet Union, the KGB was a state within a state.† Pacepa went on to claim, â€Å"Now former KGB officers are running the state. They have custody of the country’s 6,000 nuclear weapons, entrusted to the KGB in the 1950s, and they now also manage the strategic oil industry renationalized by Putin.† The Deep State Theory in the United States In 2014, former congressional aide Mike Lofgren alleged the existence of a different type of deep state operating within the United States government in his essay titled â€Å"Anatomy of the Deep State.† Instead of a group comprised exclusively of government entities, Lofgren calls the deep state in the United States â€Å"a hybrid association of elements of government and parts of top-level finance and industry that is effectively able to govern the United States without reference to the consent of the governed as expressed through the formal political process.† The Deep State, wrote Lofgren, is not â€Å"a secret, conspiratorial cabal; the state within a state is hiding mostly in plain sight, and its operators mainly act in the light of day. It is not a tight-knit group and has no clear objective. Rather, it is a sprawling network, stretching across the government and into the private sector.† In some ways, Lofgren’s description of a deep state in the United States echoes parts of President Dwight Eisenhower’s 1961 farewell address, in which he warned future presidents to â€Å"guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex.† President Trump Alleges a Deep State Opposes Him Following the tumultuous 2016 presidential election, President Donald Trump and his supporters suggested that certain unnamed executive branch officials and intelligence officers were secretly operating as a deep state to block his policies and legislative agenda by leaking information considered critical of him. President Trump, White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon, along with ultra-conservative news outlets like Breitbart News claimed that Former President Obama was orchestrating a deep state attack against the Trump administration. The allegation apparently grew out of Trump’s unsubstantiated claim that Obama had ordered the wiretapping of his telephone during the 2016 election campaign. Current and former intelligence officials remain divided on the question of the existence of a deep state secretly working to derail the Trump administration.   In a June 5, 2017 article published in The Hill Magazine, retired veteran CIA field operations agent Gene Coyle stated that while he doubted the existence of â€Å"hordes of government officials† operating as an anti-Trump deep state, he did believe the Trump administration was justified in complaining about the number of leaks being reported by news organizations. â€Å"If you are that appalled at the actions of an administration, you should quit, hold a press conference and publicly state your objections,† said Coyle. â€Å"You can’t run an executive branch if more and more people think, ‘I don’t like the policies of this president, therefore I will leak information to make him look bad.’† Other intelligence experts argued that individuals or small groups of individuals leaking information critical of a presidential administration lack the organizational coordination and depth of deep states such as those that existed in Turkey or the former Soviet Union. The Arrest of Reality Winner   On June 3, 2017, a third-party contractor working for the National Security Agency (NSA) was arrested on charges of violating the Espionage Act by leaking a top-secret document related to the possible involvement of the Russian government in the 2016 U.S. presidential election to an unnamed news organization. When questioned by the FBI on June 10, 2017, the woman, 25-year-old Reality Leigh Winner, â€Å"admitted intentionally identifying and printing the classified intelligence reporting at issue despite not having a ‘need to know,’ and with the knowledge that the intelligence report was classified,† according to the FBI affidavit. According to the Justice Department, Winner â€Å"further acknowledged that she was aware of the contents of the intelligence reporting and that she knew the contents of the reporting could be used to the injury of the United States and to the advantage of a foreign nation.† The arrest of Winner represented the first confirmed case of an attempt by a current government employee to discredit the Trump administration. As a result, many conservatives have been quick to use the case to bolster their arguments of a so-called deep state within the United States government. While its true that Winner had publicly expressed anti-Trump sentiments both to co-workers and on social media, her actions in no way prove the existence of an organized deep state effort to discredit the Trump administration.

International financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

International financial management - Essay Example Most investors in the UK and other parts of the world choose to place a portion of their portfolios in foreign securities. The decision, however, should involve an analysis of various mutual funds, exchange traded funds and bond offerings. To be successful in this venture of overseas investment, the company must begin first by determining the risk that characterizes the investment climate of the countries under its consideration. This would involve a careful analysis of both the economic, political and business risks associated with such investments in these countries (Michalet, 1997, p.19). The main factor to be considered by the company before investing overseas would be the types of the markets to be penetrated. There exist the developed, emerging and the frontier markets. The developed markets are those that consist of the largest and most industrialized economies whose economic systems are well developed, with politically stable environments and where the rule of law is well ent renched. These markets are considered by several economists to be the safest investment destinations, but with lower economic growth rates often trailing those of countries in earlier stages of development. An investment analysis of such markets would concentrate more on the current economic and market cycles and less by the political considerations. This would be the situation when the firm decides to invest in the United States of America (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2011, P.77).

The Inundation of North American Coasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Inundation of North American Coasts - Essay Example During coastal inundation, areas nearing the meeting points of creeks and rivers tend to be more susceptible since high seas can lead to the backing up of rivers. Coastal inundation is also accompanied by rising sea levels, which may lead to high intensity storms in the future (Spaulding 588). Several factors can be attributed to be the causes of coastal inundation; one of the main causes of coastal inundation is storm surge. Storm surge details the rise of water abnormally as a result of a storm that may be above the wave conditions that have been predicted. A combination of astronomical tide and storm surge leads to storm tide in the North American Coasts. Storm surge contributes to coastal inundation since it leads to the rise in water level. The rise in the level of water leads to flooding in the coastal areas. A storm surge may emanate from low atmospheric pressure that may emanate from hurricanes (Spaulding 588). Another notable cause of coastal inundation includes large waves that may be experienced in the coastal region. These waves may be caused by local winds or they may emanate from storms that occur from a distance. The waves lead to a rise in the water level, thus causing devastating effects of floods on the land adjacent to the North American Coast. The inundation of the North American Coasts is also caused by wave set-up. This takes place when the average sea level rises, especially in the zone referred as the surf zone. The other cause of coastal inundation includes the flooding of rivers as a result of rain. The flooding of rivers as a result of rain increases the severity of the flood. Seasonal cooling and heating of the oceans can also be referred as another cause of coastal flooding; this is because such variations contribute to high levels of water in the sea (Spaulding 590). Inland floods can also cause coastal inundation; these floods take occur during a fall in the moderate

All About My Mother, 1999 | Analysis

All About My Mother, 1999 | Analysis This is essay will attempt to examine the film All About My Mother using different interpretations and theories about gender roles in society to create a view of Almadovars work. I shall explore Almadovars work in terms of his difficulty to show female identification and how he uses social interactions as a short cut to portraying women and men as one. The film was released in 1999 at a time when homosexuality was still politically oppressed especially in relation to gay marriage. Almadovar uses his film to show a more politically accepted view towards homosexuality between both men and women in a radical way than at the time of release were accepted. As Stephen Maddison suggests Almadovar is believed and been labelled as a Womens director in as much as he, as well as others (typically Tennessee Williams), signify a standard for the identification of women and/or homosexuality. All About My Mother, predominately uses scenes from Tennessee Williams play A Streetcar Named Desire and it can instantly be seen that this is a benchmark for Almadovars concerns in relation to the characters and their backgrounds, especially that of the films female protagonist, Manuela. We also repeatedly see the same scene from Streetcar which is never the less done on purpose. The scene is that of the end of the play where Stella supposedly leaves her husband, Stanley. The director obviously wanted us to see this scene for what it was as he shows this scene in relation to women and their strength. The fact that this scene is shown repeatedly throughout the film (Manuela and her son watch it together and we see the scene and again after he dies) shows us how varied productions of the same play have changed Williams ending, most notably from the original where Stella is left sobbing on a step while Stanley kneels beside her and puts his hand across her blouse therefore regaining hi s control over her. In Almadovars film however, Stella leaves stage right just after calling Stanley a bastard. In Almadovars case, he is trying to show how heterosexuality seems insufferable today as it appeared in Williams play. It also denotes that women have choices in life and are not controlled by men. As Mulvey suggests in Performance analysis with the relation of women to men women are [simultaneously] looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. All about my mother seems to take this assumption and turn it on its head and throughout the entire film there seems to be this allure towards creating a performance that is different from the way established performances are held. Mulvey goes on to explain that Budd Boetticher says What counts is what the heroine provokes, or rather what she represents. She is the one, or rather the love or fear she inspires in the hero, or else the concern feels for her, who makes him act the way he does. In herself the women has not the slightest importance. Almadovar uses this as a reason to show the opposite of such belief. It becomes quite clear that in All about my mother the focus is concentrated on the relationships that Manuela holds and creates with the other women in the film. She is the heroine; the main objective of the film is for Manuela to find Estabans father which takes the focal point at the start but this is pushed aside quite quickly and the film becomes Manuelas journey through the past. Finding Estabans father resurfaces later on in the film but does not arrange the narrative. Of course theorists including Mulvey suggest that Man is the bearer of the look of the spectator whereas Almadovar shows us in Mother it is the women that controls the look. The focal point of the film if on Women. Almadovars film makes obvious note and reference to the film All about Eve (1950). The actress in the film Margo seems to disprove the idea that she could be seen as just a body and a voice but at the same time we are taken through the story by a man watching from a nearby stall. The man is still the bearer of the look and with this in mind we are in some ways forced to side with the male protagonist in the piece. In Mother, we can see that Manuela does not compare with Mulveys views on the act of the female in cinema. While Mulvey suggests that women are looked at for erotic pleasure which in direct correlation to the leitmotif of erotic spectacle: from pin ups to strip-tease, Manuela becomes a mother, not only to her son but to the other women in the film and shows professional mothering skills. We must not forget that in the film she displays her skill for cooking and nursing and she is also an actress whom can improvise and lie convincingly. Predominantly the film is about mothering. And this is seen throughout the film and coincidentally the film lacks all fathering. The only father in the film is that of Sister Rosas father whom suffering from Alzheimers has become child like, dependant on a women. The consensus that is the men that are the heroes of the film and also the bearer of the look does find its way back into the picture by the end of the film. It is Esteban the second who creates the miracle at the end of the film, when his HIV passed on by sister Rosa, is neutralized. However we must realise that this comes from a child dependant on the other the women in the film and that his HIV miracle is from the utopian of his gender dissident mothers. A key character in this film which we can interpret in many different ways and use to look at Almodovars work as a whole is that of Agrado. She is the lead transvestite character in the film and still bears the male hood of a penis. Almodovar uses Agrado to go against the convention of traditional cinema. Like so many other lead transvestites in film Agrado does not seek camouflage or the suppression of herself. She does not pretend to be anything else but what she is and this is how she gains her affirmation. The topic of Transgender is one which falls under harsh debate and with relation to drag has its place in films. Topics about the body and gender in relation to transgender and drag will help us to reconsider such concepts which, in this film, are overlaid throughout the whole film. Transgender is. as expected, one factor that has led to a reconstruction of views and theories in relation to gender. As Butler says in Gender Trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identify (1990) imitating gender, a drag queen reveals the imitative structure of gender as well as its contingency. It is hard to pick up on or read Almodovars transgender characters especially in relation to Agrado. Butler goes on to cite that of Esther Newton where Newton describes the drag as a double inversion where by the appearance is an illusion. The external appearance is feminine to the eye but the interior is very much masculine but the same can be said vice versa. With this is mind we cannot take Agrado as either a man or a women; in fact her position between the two provides the dramatic escape from the male gaze that is intended. Agrado, however, still portrays the characteristics of a man especially with her speech when the play is cancelled. She is unashamed with her body and explains that her authenticity comes from the production of herself that she has created. Even though Agrado is not your conventional drag cabaret esque, she is a type of gender parody as Butler explains. Agr ado becomes this parody of the original; that of the normal gender identification. Butler explains that it is a production which, in effect that is, in its effect postures as an imitation. Agrado is merely an imitation of a women and an imitation of a man. We somewhat feel sided with Agrado though with her openness and he disregard for peoples approval. Although this is somewhat because of the comical portrayal given by the actor. However, even though Agrado is somewhat a parody and an imitation, Butler argues still that maybe all gender is just an act. in other ritual social dramas, the action of gender requires a performance that is repeated. which leads her on to This repetition is at once a re-enactment and re-experiencing of a set of meanings already socially established. With this in mind we can take Agrados representation in the film as one for both men and women. The male still receives some of the male gaze as it were but it is mimicked by the act of the drag.